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Tim Maas
Jesus was descended -- as indicated by the genealogies in Matthew 1 (Matthew 1:5-6) and Luke 3 (Luke 3:31-32) -- on both His earthly father's and biological mother's side through the line of Jesse (David's father) and Jesse's son David. In Isaiah 11:10 (the verse cited in the question), the Hebrew word used for “root” (sheresh) implies a root that remains alive and sends up a shoot or branch. Thus, the root of Jesse was a root from which more descendants (in particular, Jesus as God Incarnate) could come. (The translation cited in the question expresses the concept of "the root of Jesse" by calling Him "the heir to Davd's throne".)
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