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Tim Maas
These items (which God had originally commanded in Exodus 28 to be made for Moses' brother Aaron, who was to be the first individual in the hereditary line of descendants designated by God as Israel's High Priest) were symbols of the authority and responsibilities of that office (similar to the way in which a crown is placed on the heads of each successive ruler in a royal line of earthly kings or queens, and a golden scepter is placed in their hands, to represent the power and majesty of their positions), In the case of Aaron, the gold breastpiece (which contained twelve precious stones representing the tribes of Israel descended from the twelve sons of Abraham's grandson Jacob, whom God had renamed Israel (Genesis 32:24-32)) that Aaron was to wear served the same purpose. In addition, the breastplate was designed to hold the Urim (meaning "lights") and Thummim (meaning "perfection"), which were the objects or devices prescribed by God in Exodus 28:30 for use in determining His will in any matter brought before Him by Aaron or his priestly descendants. These were to be worn over the high priest's heart, indicating their vital importance to the people of Israel.
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